Roger Z. George is professor of national security strategy at the National War College and an adjunct professor at Georgetown University in the Security Studies Program. He was a career CIA intelligence analyst who served at the State and Defense departments and has been the national intelligence officer for Europe. He is coeditor of several volumes on intelligence and national security studies, most recently The National Security Enterprise: Navigating the Labyrinth.

James B. Bruce is a senior political scientist at the RAND Corporation. A retired career intelligence analyst, he served with CIA’s Directorate of Intelligence and Directorate of Operations, and with the National Intelligence Council as deputy national intelligence officer for science and technology. An adjunct professor at Georgetown University, he has taught previously at the National War College, and as an adjunct at Columbia University and American University.