The Three Musketeers is a historical adventure novel written in 1844 by French author Alexandre Dumas. It recounts the adventures of a young man named d'Artagnan (based on Charles de Batz-Castelmore d'Artagnan) after he leaves home to travel to Paris, to join the Musketeers of the Guard. Although he is not able to join this elite corps immediately, he befriends the three most formidable musketeers of the age – Athos, Porthos, and Aramis, "the three inseparable," as they are called – and gets involved in affairs of the state and court. The story was first serialized from March to July 1844, during the July Monarchy, four years before the French Revolution of 1848 violently established the Second Republic. The story of d'Artagnan is continued in Twenty Years After and The Vicomte of Bragelonne: Ten Years Later. The Novel was in 2011 adapted into a romantic action-adventure film of the same name directed by Paul W. S. Anderson and starring Matthew Macfadyen, Logan Lerman, Ray Stevenson, Milla Jovovich, Luke Evans, Mads Mikkelsen, Orlando Bloom, and Christoph Waltz. The film was released on 1 September 2011 in Germany, 12 October 2011 in the United Kingdom and France and 21 October 2011 in the United States, Canada, and Australia. Upon its release, it grossed $132 million against a production budget of $75 million and received negative critical reaction. Critics praised its action sequences, score, the performances of Macfadyen and Mikkelsen, and visual style but criticized its writing, direction, and characters. The novel had previously been loosely adapted into a 1993 American-Austrian action-adventure comedy film of the same name.
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